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Edit this Doc The UiAutomator2 Driver for Android
Appium's flagship support for automating Android apps is via the UiAutomator2
driver. (New to Appium? Read our introduction to Appium drivers).This driver leverages Google'sUiAutomator2technology to facilitate automation on a device or emulator.
Development of the UiAutomator2 driver happens at theappium-uiautomator2-driverrepo.
Older Android-based drivers include:* The UiAutomator Driver
Requirements and Support
In addition to Appium's general requirements:
- Java 8 installed and configured correctly for your platform
- Mac, Windows, or Linux OS with the ability to run the Android SDK
Further, the UiAutomator2 driver does not support Android versions below 5.0(Lollipop, API level 21). If you are automating such versions, consider usingthe UiAutomator driver;
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Usage
The way to start a session using the UiAutomator2 driver is to include theautomationName
capability in your new session request, withthe value UiAutomator2
. Of course, you must also include appropriateplatformName
(=Android
), platformVersion
, deviceName
, and app
capabilities, at a minimum.
It is highly recommended to also set the appPackage
and appActivity
capabilities in order to let Appium know exactly which package and activityshould be launched for your application. Otherwise, Appium will try todetermine these automatically from your app manifest.
Capabilities
The UiAutomator2 driver supports a number of standard Appiumcapabilities, but has an additionalset of capabilities that modulate the behavior of the driver. These can befound currently at the Androidsection of theaforementioned doc.
For web tests, to automate Chrome instead of your own application, leave theapp
capability empty and instead set the browserName
capability toChrome
. Note that you are responsible for ensuring that Chrome is on theemulator/device, and that it is of a version compatible withChromedriver.
Commands
To see the various commands Appium supports, and specifically for informationon how the commands map to behaviors for the UiAutomator2 driver, see the APIReference.
Basic Setup
Ensure that you have Appium's general dependencies (e.g., Node & NPM) installed and configured.
Ensure that Java (the JDK, not just the JRE) is installed and Java binaries are added to your path. The instructions for this step differ for Mac/Linux and for Windows. Please consult platform-specific documentation, as this is a common task. An example of how to change the PATH on Windows is here.
Ensure that the
JAVA_HOME
environment variable is also set to the JDK path. For Mac/Linux, for example (the specifics of this path will vary greatly by system), put this in your login script:export JAVA_HOME='/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_111.jdk/Contents/Home'
On Windows, this will be done by setting the environment variable in the control panel, using the same strategy as for setting PATH above. Android Studio also has JDK in the path like /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jre/jdk/Contents/Home
(Mac). You can specify the path, too.
Install the Android SDK. The supported way of doing this nowadays is to use Android Studio. Use the provided GUI to install the Android SDK to a path of your choosing.
Set the
ANDROID_HOME
environment variable to match this path. For example, if you installed the SDK to/usr/local/adt
, then there will typically be asdk
folder inside of that which contains the SDK files. In that case, on Mac and Linux, add the following line to your login script (e.g.,~/.bashrc
,~/.bash_profile
, etc...):export ANDROID_HOME='/usr/local/adt/sdk'
On Windows, follow the same steps as before to set the environment variable in the control panel.
Using the SDK manager, ensure you have installed the SDK for Android API levels you wish to automate (e.g., 24).
On Windows, ensure that you always run Appium in Administrator mode.
At this point, your general system setup is done. Follow the steps below basedon whether you want to automate an emulator or a real device. In addition youwill need your app's APK (preferably built in Debug mode), whose path or URLyou will use as the value of the app
capability when running your tests.
Emulator Setup
Download Android System For Java For Mac Operating System
To run tests on emulators, use the AVD Manager included with Android Studio orthe SDK. With this tool, create the emulator that matches your needs. With theemulator launched, Appium will automatically find and use it for its tests.Otherwise, if you specify the avd
capability with the value matching the nameof your emulator, then Appium will attempt to launch the emulator for you.
Additional tips for emulators:
- There exists a hardware accelerated emulator for Android, though it has its own limitations. It can be installed from Intel's website, or through the Android SDK Manager. For more information, go here.
- Make sure that
hw.battery=yes
in your AVD'sconfig.ini
, if you want to run any of the Appium tests, or use any of the power commands. (As of Android 5.0, this is the default.)
Real Device Setup
For Android automation, no additional setup is required for testing on realdevices, other than these simple requirements:
- Ensure that Developer mode is turned on for the device.
- Ensure that the device is connected via USB to the Appium host, and can be seen by ADB (run
adb devices
to make sure). - Ensure that 'Verify Apps' in settings is disabled, to allow Appium's helper apps to function without manual intervention.
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(For some specific commands, the device might need to be rooted, though this isnot the norm.)